BYĆ - PRESENT DECLENSION
jestem - I am
jesteś - you one are
jest - he is, she is, it is
jesteśmy - we are
jesteście - you many are
są - they are
PREPOSITIONS AND CASES
In the first dialog you have learned the prepositions:
w + local - in, do + genitive - to, na + accusative - on, z (or s-) + genitive - from
In Polish words have different endings depending on a case, for example:
praca - job (nominative case), pracy - job (genitive case, local case), do pracy - to job
In future you shall learn how to create cases.
Polish has 3 main types of prepositions:
prepositions with GENITIVE, ACCUSATIVE and INSTRUMENTAL:
an example of such preposition can be: "nad" - above
- when the preposition expresses that something IS in a place described by the preposition - INSTRUMENTAL is used
- example: dom - house, ptak jest nad domem - bird is above house (it stays without move there)
- when we have MOVEMENT TO a described by preposition place - ACCUSATIVE CASE
- example: leci - flies, ptak leci nad dom - bird flies above house (movement to)
- when we have MOVEMENT FROM - GENITIVE is used, and preposition has sufix z- or s-
- example: spadł - fell, ptak spadł znad domu - bird fell from-above house
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